What is premenstrual syndrome?
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a group of symptoms that women may experience in the five to seven days leading up to their menstrual period.
As many as three-quarters of menstruating women have had PMS in some form, though the symptoms can vary in intensity and frequency from woman to woman.
What causes PMS?
The exact cause of premenstrual syndrome is unknown, but several factors may play a role in the condition. These include:
- Hormone changes: symptoms change with hormone fluctuations, disappearing during pregnancy and with menopause
- Brain chemical changes: fluctuations in serotonin which is involved in mood states
- Depression: undiagnosed depression is often tied to premenstrual syndrome
Your doctor can work with you to identify ways to manage your premenstrual symptoms.
What are the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome?
PMS can come with several symptoms, both emotional and physical. Many women experience emotional symptoms like mood swings, anxiety, crying spells, or depression. Insomnia, poor concentration, and food cravings are common, too.
Physical symptoms of PMS may include:
- Weight gain from fluid retention
- Abdominal bloating
- Breast tenderness
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Muscle or joint pain
- Acne breakouts
- Diarrhea or constipation
You can experience both emotional and physical premenstrual syndrome symptoms. They can be very mild, or so intense they disrupt your daily life. The more disabling form of PMS is called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).
How is PMS diagnosed and treated?
If you have what seems like PMS, your doctor performs an exam and discusses your medical history. Documenting your symptoms for at least two menstrual cycles aids the diagnostic process, since you can tell your doctor when they appear and disappear.
Many women find relief for their PMS symptoms through lifestyle changes and exercise. Depending on your unique situation, your doctor may also recommend:
- Antidepressants to reduce mood swings
- Over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for breast pain and cramping
- Diuretics to reduce water retention
- Hormonal contraceptives to stop ovulation
If you think you have PMS, call or schedule an appointment online with Southeast Texas OB/GYN Associates, PA, to explore the treatments available.
